Global

Cursor movement

Editing

Insert mode - inserting/appending text

Marking text (visual mode)

Marks and positions

Registers

Visual commands

Macros

  qa - record macro a
  q - stop recording macro
  @a - run macro a
  @@ - rerun last run macro

Cut and paste

  yy - yank (copy) a line
  2yy - yank (copy) 2 lines
  yw - yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  y$ - yank (copy) to end of line
  p - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
  P - put (paste) before cursor
  dd - delete (cut) a line
  2dd - delete (cut) 2 lines
  dw - delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  D - delete (cut) to the end of the line
  d$ - delete (cut) to the end of the line
  x - delete (cut) character

Indent text

  >> - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth
  << - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth
  >% - indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
  >ib - indent inner block with ()
  >at - indent a block with <> tags
  3== - re-indent 3 lines
  =% - re-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
  =iB - re-indent inner block with {}
  gg=G - re-indent entire buffer
  ]p - paste and adjust indent to current line

Exiting

  :w - write (save) the file, but don't exit
  :w !sudo tee % - write out the current file using sudo
  :wq or :x or ZZ - write (save) and quit
  :q - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
  :q! or ZQ - quit and throw away unsaved changes
  :wqa - write (save) and quit on all tabs

Search and replace

  /pattern - search for pattern
  ?pattern - search backward for pattern
  \vpattern - 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
  n - repeat search in same direction
  N - repeat search in opposite direction
  :%s/old/new/g - replace all old with new throughout file
  :%s/old/new/gc - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
  :noh[lsearch] - remove highlighting of search matches

Search in multiple files

  :vim[grep] /pattern/ {`{file}`} - search for pattern in multiple files

e.g. :vim[grep] /foo/ **/*

  :cn[ext] - jump to the next match
  :cp[revious] - jump to the previous match
  :cope[n] - open a window containing the list of matches
  :ccl[ose] - close the quickfix window

Tabs

  :tabnew or :tabnew {page.words.file} - open a file in a new tab
  Ctrl + wT - move the current split window into its own tab
  gt or :tabn[ext] - move to the next tab
  gT or :tabp[revious] - move to the previous tab
  #gt - move to tab number #
  :tabm[ove] # - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0)
  :tabc[lose] - close the current tab and all its windows
  :tabo[nly] - close all tabs except for the current one
  :tabdo command - run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)

Working with multiple files

  :e[dit] file - edit a file in a new buffer
  :bn[ext] - go to the next buffer
  :bp[revious] - go to the previous buffer
  :bd[elete] - delete a buffer (close a file)
  :b[uffer]# - go to a buffer by index #
  :b[uffer] file - go to a buffer by file
  :ls or :buffers - list all open buffers
  :sp[lit] file - open a file in a new buffer and split window
  :vs[plit] file - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
  :vert[ical] ba[ll] - edit all buffers as vertical windows
  :tab ba[ll] - edit all buffers as tabs
  Ctrl + ws - split window
  Ctrl + wv - split window vertically
  Ctrl + ww - switch windows
  Ctrl + wq - quit a window
  Ctrl + wx - exchange current window with next one
  Ctrl + w= - make all windows equal height & width
  Ctrl + wh - move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
  Ctrl + wl - move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
  Ctrl + wj - move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
  Ctrl + wk - move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)

Diff

  zf - manually define a fold up to motion
  zd - delete fold under the cursor
  za - toggle fold under the cursor
  zo - open fold under the cursor
  zc - close fold under the cursor
  zr - reduce (open) all folds by one level
  zm - fold more (close) all folds by one level
  zi - toggle folding functionality
  ]c - jump to start of next change
  [c - jump to start of previous change
  do or :diffg[et] - obtain (get) difference (from other buffer)
  dp or :diffpu[t] - put difference (to other buffer)
  :diffthis - make current window part of diff
  :dif[fupdate] - update differences
  :diffo[ff] - switch off diff mode for current window

Tip The commands for folding (e.g. za) operate on one level. To operate on all levels, use uppercase letters (e.g. zA). Tip To view the differences of files, one can directly start Vim in diff mode by running vimdiff in a terminal. One can even set this as git difftool.