Install the dependencies. Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxml2-utils
sudo apt-get install libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dev

NOTE: 64bit users please note - Because of this bug you need to create a symbolic link to libxml2.so.2 or the installation will report the file missing and fail.

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2

Now install ModSecurity:

sudo apt-get install libapache-mod-security

Activate the recommended default rules to get things going. Configure as needed. For complete information refer to the ModSecurity Reference Manual - click here.

sudo mv /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf-recommended /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf

The default folder for ModSecurity rules is /etc/modsecurity/. All .conf files will be included and need to be configured as required.

We need to activate all the base rules and make sure they also get loaded.

You might want to edit the SecRequestBodyLimit option in the modsecurity.conf file.

SecRequestBodyLimit limits the page request size and limits file uploads to 128 KB by default. Change this to the size of files you would accept uploaded to the server.

This settings is very important as it limits the size of all files that can be uploaded to the server. For CMS sites using Drupal or Wordpress this setting is the source of much pain.

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo vi /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf

First activate the rules by editing the SecRuleEngine option and set to On and modify your server signature.

/etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf

SecRuleEngine On
SecServerSignature FreeOSHTTP

Edit the following to option to increase the request limit to 16 MB and save the file:

/etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf

SecRequestBodyLimit 16384000
SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit 16384000

We need to download and install the latest OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set from the project website. Click here for more information.

We will also activate the default CRS config file modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example.

If you prefer not to use the latest rules, replace master below with the a specific version you would like to use e.g : v2.2.5.

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

cd /tmp
sudo wget -O SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs/tarball/master
sudo tar -zxvf SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz
sudo cp -R SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs-*/* /etc/modsecurity/
sudo rm SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs.tar.gz
sudo rm -R SpiderLabs-owasp-modsecurity-crs-*
sudo mv /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf

Now we create symbolic links to all activated base rules. Open a terminal window and enter:

cd /etc/modsecurity/base_rules
for f in * ; do sudo ln -s /etc/modsecurity/base_rules/$f /etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/$f ; done
 
cd /etc/modsecurity/optional_rules
for f in * ; do sudo ln -s /etc/modsecurity/optional_rules/$f /etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/$f ; done 

Now add these rules to Apache2. Open a terminal window and enter:

sudo vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-security.conf

Add the following to towards the end of the file with other includes and save the file:

/etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-security.conf

Include "/etc/modsecurity/activated_rules/*.conf"

Before restarting Apache2 check if the modules has been loaded.

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo a2enmod headers
sudo a2enmod mod-security

Then restart the Apache2 webserver:

sudo /etc/init.d apache2 restart

OR

service apache2 restart

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo mkdir /var/log/mod_evasive

Change the log folder permissions:

sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/log/mod_evasive/

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-evasive.conf

and add the following, changing the email value, and other options below as required:

/etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-evasive.conf

<ifmodule mod_evasive20.c>
   DOSHashTableSize 3097
   DOSPageCount  2
   DOSSiteCount  50
   DOSPageInterval 1
   DOSSiteInterval  1
   DOSBlockingPeriod  10
   DOSLogDir   /var/log/mod_evasive
   DOSEmailNotify  EMAIL@DOMAIN.com
   DOSWhitelist   127.0.0.1
</ifmodule>

Because of this bug mod-evasive does not send emails on Ubuntu 12.04.

A temporary workaround is to create a symlink to the mail program.

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo ln -s /etc/alternatives/mail /bin/mail/

Before restarting Apache2 check if the module has been loaded.

Open the Terminal Window and enter:

sudo a2enmod mod-evasive

Then restart the Apache2 webserver:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

or

service apache2 restart