====== Ubuntu - Benchmark - Disk Speedtest using dd ======
The **dd** command is readily available in almost all distributions out of the box and is pretty easy to use.
dd is used to write or read from any block device in Linux. And you can do a lot of stuff with this command.
With the dd command we will only be testing sequential read and sequential write.
--
dd if=/dev/zero of=speedtest bs=1M count=100
result:
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.0963094 s, 1.1 GB/s
The speed that dd reported to us is the speed with which data was cached to RAM memory, not to the disk.
----
To have the dd command report the speed only after the data is synced with the disk, issue the command:
dd if=/dev/zero of=speedtest bs=1M count=100 conv=fdatasync
result:
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.107805 s, 973 MB/s
----
Test with a larger amount. This should be roughly 200MB.
dd if=/dev/zero of=speedtest bs=64k count=3200 conv=fdatasync
result:
3200+0 records in
3200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB, 200 MiB) copied, 0.19644 s, 1.1 GB/s
**NOTE**: If you do not specify the block size, the default block size is used when running programs such as **mke2fs**. You can verify the default size with the following commands.
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
result:
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem volume name:
Last mounted on: /boot
Filesystem UUID: 820755d6-52d8-49ae-a297-83c55c4ed956
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 122160
Block count: 488192
Reserved block count: 24409
Free blocks: 415203
Free inodes: 121838
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 119
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8144
Inode blocks per group: 509
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Mon Jul 27 20:36:24 2015
Last mount time: Thu Jun 30 19:47:47 2016
Last write time: Thu Jun 30 19:47:47 2016
Mount count: 31
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Mon Jul 27 20:36:24 2015
Check interval: 0 ()
Lifetime writes: 1621 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 924e9301-4759-4f93-8d17-f0ab4f4a9d46
Journal backup: inode blocks
or
dumpe2fs /dev/sda1
result:
root@server1:~# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1
dumpe2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem volume name:
Last mounted on: /boot
Filesystem UUID: 820755d6-52d8-49ae-a297-83c55c4ed956
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 122160
Block count: 488192
Reserved block count: 24409
Free blocks: 415203
Free inodes: 121838
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 119
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8144
Inode blocks per group: 509
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Mon Jul 27 20:36:24 2015
Last mount time: Thu Jun 30 19:47:47 2016
Last write time: Thu Jun 30 19:47:47 2016
Mount count: 31
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Mon Jul 27 20:36:24 2015
Check interval: 0 ()
Lifetime writes: 1621 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 924e9301-4759-4f93-8d17-f0ab4f4a9d46
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: (none)
Journal size: 32M
Journal length: 8192
Journal sequence: 0x00000c0d
Journal start: 1
Group 0: (Blocks 0-32767) [ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0xb7aa, unused inodes 7811
Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-1
Reserved GDT blocks at 2-120
Block bitmap at 121 (+121), Inode bitmap at 136 (+136)
Inode table at 151-659 (+151)
19106 free blocks, 7823 free inodes, 5 directories, 7811 unused inodes
Free blocks: 8095-8101, 9048-9767, 11744-16383, 18098-18925, 18928-22980, 23910-32767
Free inodes: 322-8144
Group 1: (Blocks 32768-65535) [ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x4b76, unused inodes 8143
Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32769
Reserved GDT blocks at 32770-32888
Block bitmap at 122 (bg #0 + 122), Inode bitmap at 137 (bg #0 + 137)
Inode table at 660-1168 (bg #0 + 660)
23770 free blocks, 8143 free inodes, 1 directories, 8143 unused inodes
Free blocks: 32890-33279, 33281-33815, 34686-34815, 34863-34940, 35244-36351, 36353-37375, 37401-37889, 38831-40959, 41476-41983, 41991-43519, 43540-44543, 44545-53247, 55296-59391, 63488-65535
Free inodes: 8146-16288
Group 2: (Blocks 65536-98303) [INODE_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0xde2e, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 123 (bg #0 + 123), Inode bitmap at 138 (bg #0 + 138)
Inode table at 1169-1677 (bg #0 + 1169)
12403 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 65536-69631, 71648-71679, 75486-75487, 75512-76159, 76206-76287, 76921-77439, 77469-77485, 77532-77823, 79352-79871, 86016-92159, 98253-98303
Free inodes: 16289-24432
Group 3: (Blocks 98304-131071) [INODE_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0xa86f, unused inodes 8144
Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98305
Reserved GDT blocks at 98306-98424
Block bitmap at 124 (bg #0 + 124), Inode bitmap at 139 (bg #0 + 139)
Inode table at 1678-2186 (bg #0 + 1678)
13357 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 99671-100365, 106075-108493, 108541-108543, 114688-122879, 129024-131071
Free inodes: 24433-32576
Group 4: (Blocks 131072-163839) [INODE_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x9038, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 125 (bg #0 + 125), Inode bitmap at 140 (bg #0 + 140)
Inode table at 2187-2695 (bg #0 + 2187)
30770 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 133070-163839
Free inodes: 32577-40720
Group 5: (Blocks 163840-196607) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x59ef, unused inodes 8144
Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163841
Reserved GDT blocks at 163842-163960
Block bitmap at 126 (bg #0 + 126), Inode bitmap at 141 (bg #0 + 141)
Inode table at 2696-3204 (bg #0 + 2696)
32647 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 163961-196607
Free inodes: 40721-48864
Group 6: (Blocks 196608-229375) [INODE_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0xadc6, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 127 (bg #0 + 127), Inode bitmap at 142 (bg #0 + 142)
Inode table at 3205-3713 (bg #0 + 3205)
24576 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 204800-229375
Free inodes: 48865-57008
Group 7: (Blocks 229376-262143) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x27cd, unused inodes 8144
Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229377
Reserved GDT blocks at 229378-229496
Block bitmap at 128 (bg #0 + 128), Inode bitmap at 143 (bg #0 + 143)
Inode table at 3714-4222 (bg #0 + 3714)
32647 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 229497-262143
Free inodes: 57009-65152
Group 8: (Blocks 262144-294911) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x5388, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 129 (bg #0 + 129), Inode bitmap at 144 (bg #0 + 144)
Inode table at 4223-4731 (bg #0 + 4223)
32768 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 262144-294911
Free inodes: 65153-73296
Group 9: (Blocks 294912-327679) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x1bcb, unused inodes 8144
Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294913
Reserved GDT blocks at 294914-295032
Block bitmap at 130 (bg #0 + 130), Inode bitmap at 145 (bg #0 + 145)
Inode table at 4732-5240 (bg #0 + 4732)
32647 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 295033-327679
Free inodes: 73297-81440
Group 10: (Blocks 327680-360447) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x78db, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 131 (bg #0 + 131), Inode bitmap at 146 (bg #0 + 146)
Inode table at 5241-5749 (bg #0 + 5241)
32768 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 327680-360447
Free inodes: 81441-89584
Group 11: (Blocks 360448-393215) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x38ba, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 132 (bg #0 + 132), Inode bitmap at 147 (bg #0 + 147)
Inode table at 5750-6258 (bg #0 + 5750)
32768 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 360448-393215
Free inodes: 89585-97728
Group 12: (Blocks 393216-425983) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x052e, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 133 (bg #0 + 133), Inode bitmap at 148 (bg #0 + 148)
Inode table at 6259-6767 (bg #0 + 6259)
32768 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 393216-425983
Free inodes: 97729-105872
Group 13: (Blocks 425984-458751) [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x1084, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 134 (bg #0 + 134), Inode bitmap at 149 (bg #0 + 149)
Inode table at 6768-7276 (bg #0 + 6768)
32768 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 425984-458751
Free inodes: 105873-114016
Group 14: (Blocks 458752-488191) [INODE_UNINIT, ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x81a8, unused inodes 8144
Block bitmap at 135 (bg #0 + 135), Inode bitmap at 150 (bg #0 + 150)
Inode table at 7277-7785 (bg #0 + 7277)
29440 free blocks, 8144 free inodes, 0 directories, 8144 unused inodes
Free blocks: 458752-488191
Free inodes: 114017-122160
----
===== Test the sequential read speed =====
dd if=speedtest of=/dev/null bs=64k count=24000
result:
3200+0 records in
3200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB, 200 MiB) copied, 0.0577722 s, 3.6 GB/s