====== BASH - Aliases - My Aliases ======
Create the file /etc/profile.d/bash_aliases.sh which will contain all the aliases.
# If user is not root, pass all commands via sudo.
#if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then
# alias reboot='sudo reboot'
# alias update='sudo apt-get upgrade'
#fi
# Instruct bash to expand the arguments to aliases.
shopt -s expand_aliases
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Protection for these commands; which will prompt before overwriting.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not delete / and prompt before deleting.
alias rm='rm -i --preserve-root'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias ln='ln -i'
# Preventing changing perms on /
alias chown='chown --preserve-root'
alias chmod='chmod --preserve-root'
alias chgrp='chgrp --preserve-root'
alias rmdir='rm -Rf $1' # To remove directories and their contents.
alias rmtrash='mv --force -t ~/.local/share/Trash ' # Toss files into the Trash bin.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# APT.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# List APT repositories.
alias aptlist='cat /etc/apt/sources.list{,.d/*} 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#"'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Archiving.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Compress with one of the best comp. algos out there + 7z format is platform agnostic.
alias 7zadd='7z a -t7z -m0=lzma -mx=9 -mfb=64 -md=64m -ms=on'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Backup.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias rsync='rsync -ravz' # Recusive, Archive Mode, Verbose, Compress
alias rsyncssh='rsync -e ssh' # Use ssh.
alias backuphome='\rsync -avhpr --delete-delay /home/peter /backup/home/peter'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# cd
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# To pick up when user forgets the space.
alias cd..='cd ..'
# Uses cd() function = pushd,
# b = go backwards (popd), f = go forwards (kind of like "unpopd").
alias d='dirs'
alias b='pushd +1' # go backwards (popd).
alias f='pushd -0' # go forwards (kind of like "unpopd").
alias gohome='pushd ~/ > /dev/null' #
alias goback='popd' #
# Add many of similar to these...
#alias goproject?"pushd ~/git/project > /dev/null"
#alias gologs?"pushd /var/log > /dev/null"
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Clipboard
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Helps with copy and pasting to and from a terminal using X and the mouse.
# Especially for piping output to the clipboard and vice versa.
# Alias names chosen according to what the internet said the corresponding macos commands are.
alias pbcopy='xsel --clipboard --input'
alias pbpaste='xsel --clipboard --output'
#echo 'foo' | cpy copies ‘foo’ to the clipboard
#alias cpy="xclip -selection clipboard"
alias setclip='xclip -selection c'
alias getclip='xclip -selection clipboard -o'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Copy.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias cpv='\rsync -ah --info=progress2' # Progress bar on file copy. --info=progress2 gives a total percentage.
alias cpv2='\rsync --progress -ravz' # Progress bar on file copy. --progress = show progress during transfer.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Date.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias week='date +"%V"' # Week of the year.
# View the calender by typing the first three letters of the month.
alias jan='cal -m 01'
alias feb='cal -m 02'
alias mar='cal -m 03'
alias apr='cal -m 04'
alias may='cal -m 05'
alias jun='cal -m 06'
alias jul='cal -m 07'
alias aug='cal -m 08'
alias sep='cal -m 09'
alias oct='cal -m 10'
alias nov='cal -m 11'
alias dec='cal -m 12'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Disk
#-------------------------------------------------------------
#alias du='\du -ach | sort -h' # Human-readable format.
#alias du='du -kh' # Human-readable format.
alias du="\du -hc -d1 2> >(grep -v 'Permission denied') | sort -h"
alias dutotal='\du -ch 2> /dev/null |tail -1' # Displays only the total.
alias du1='\du -h -d 1' # Shows only 1 level deep.
alias du10='\du -hsx * | sort -rh | head -10' # What is using the most space.
alias df='\df -kTh;\df -Thl --total | grep total' # Adds total to the df command.
#alias df="df -Tha --total"
# Shows the individual partition usages without the temporary memory values.
alias dfx='\df -kThl --exclude-type=tmpfs --exclude-type=devtmpfs'
alias mount='\mount | column -t' # Make mount command output pretty and human readable format.
# View only mounted drives.
#alias mnt="mount | awk -F ' ' '{print \$1, \$3}' | column -t | grep -E ^/dev/ | sort" # The \ before the $ is only needed when used as an alias.
alias mnt='\mount | awk -F'\'' '\'' '\''{ printf "%s\t%s\n",$1,$3; }'\'' | column -t | grep -E ^/dev/ | sort'
#alias mnt="\mount | awk -F' ' '{ printf \"%s\t%s\n\",\$1,\$3; }' | column -t | grep -E ^/dev/ | sort"
#alias mnt="mount | awk '$1 ~ /\/dev/ { print $1,$3; }' | column -t | sort;"
alias mntnice='\mount | grep -E ^/dev | column -t # Display mount nicely.'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Directories.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias mkdir='mkdir -p' # Make parent directories if needed.
alias back='cd $OLDPWD' # Return to the last directory you were in. Same as 'cd -'.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Docker.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias dockershell="docker run --rm -i -t --entrypoint=/bin/bash" # Specify an image and drop into an interactive bash shell.
alias dockershellsh="docker run --rm -i -t --entrypoint=/bin/sh" # Specify an image and drop into an interactive sh shell.
#alias dockerphp='docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/opt -w /opt php php'
#alias dockerjava='docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/opt -w /opt java java'
#alias dockernode='docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/opt -w /opt node node'
#alias dockerruby='docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/opt -w /opt ruby ruby'
#alias dockerpython='docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/opt -w /opt python python'
#alias dockerhtop='docker run --rm -it --pid host tehbilly/htop'
#alias dockermysql='docker run --rm -it imega/mysql-client mysql'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Downloading.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias wget='wget -c' # -c flag to continue download in case of problems.
alias wgetpage='wget --html-extension --recursive --convert-links --page-requisites --no-parent $1' # Save a local copy of a remote web resource.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias fcount='ls -l | wc -l' # File count.
alias fcounta='ls -la | wc -l' # File count (incl hidden files).
alias fcountr='find . -type f | wc -l' # File count recursive.
alias lastmod='ls -t -1' # Last modified file.
alias lastmodified='find -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 stat -c %y\ %n | sort' # Last modified file in all subdirectories as well.
alias blanks="grep '(^[[:space:]]*$'" # Only blank lines.
alias noblanks="grep -Ev '(^[[:space:]]*#|^$|^[[:space:]]*//)'" # Only print actual code/configuration.
alias comments="grep '^ *\#.*$'" # Show comments in a file.
alias nocomments='grep -Ev "^(#|$)"' # Show text file without comment (#) lines; or empty lines.
alias decomment='grep -Ev "^[[:space:]]*((#|;|//).*)?$" ' # Removes full-line comments and blank lines.
alias unprintable='grep --color="auto" -P -n "[\x00-\x1E]"' # Shows which lines (with line numbers) in a file contain control characters.
alias expletives='grep --color="auto" -P -n "[^\x00-\x7E]" ' # Shows which lines in a file contain anything "above" a RUBOUT, i.e. above ASCII 127.
alias bigfiles='find . -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs du -a 2>/dev/null | awk "{ if ( \$1 > 5000) print \$0 }" | sort -hr'
alias verybigfiles='find . -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs du -a 2>/dev/null | awk "{ if ( \$1 > 500000) print \$0 }" | sort -hr'
alias brokenlinks='\find . -xtype l -printf "%p -> %l\n"' # Find broken symlinks.
# count files by type - http://www.shell-fu.org/lister.php?id=173
#alias ftype="\find ${*-.} -type f | xargs file | awk -F, '{print $1}' | awk '{$1=NULL;print $0}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr"
alias fdiff='grep -F -x -v -f $1 $2' # Show diffs between files.
alias filedeletefirstline='cat tmp.txt | sed 1d | wc -l' # Delete first line of file.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# File Permissions.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias fperm="find . -type f -exec chmod 0644 '{}' \;" # File permissions.
alias dperm="find . -type d -exec chmod 0755 '{}' \;" # Directory permissions.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# GPU.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias showgpu="watch -d -n 0.5 nvidia-smi"a # Nvidia.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Greps.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias grep='grep --color=auto' # Color output.
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' # Color output.
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' # Color output.
alias grepall='find . -name "*" | xargs grep --color=auto ' # Greps everything, including subdirectories.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# History.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Find a command in your grep history.
# Usage:
# histgrep bash
alias histgrep='history|grep' # Find a command in history. Usage "histgrep something".
#alias histtop10="history | awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] " " CMD[a]/count*100 "% " a;}' | grep -v "./" | column -c3 -s " " -t | sort -nr | nl | head -n10" # Returns most commonly used commands.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Images.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Resizes images.
# Use the ImageMagick package (sudo apt-get install imagemagick) which contains a command called mogrify that does just this.
# This will resize all of the PNG images in the current directory, only if they are wider than 690px.
#alias imgresizepng='mogrify -resize 690\> *.png' # Resize all PNG images wider than 690px in the current directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Logs.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# alias syslog='sudo tail -10f /var/log/syslog' # Follow syslog.
# alias messages='sudo tail -10f /var/log/messages' # Follow messages.
alias dmesg='dmesg -T' # Make log times human readable.
# Last 10 items within every log file.
alias logs='tail -f /var/log/{dmesg,messages,*{,/*}{log,err}}'
alias syslog="tail -F /var/log/syslog"
# Returns the frequency of each line; i.e. how many times the line is in the file.
# Useful when parsing logs.
# What is the most common line in this stream.
alias rank="sort| uniq -c|sort -n"
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# ls. (Assumes you use a recent GNU ls).
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias ls='\ls -h --color=auto' # Add colors and human-readable sizes by default on 'ls'.
alias lsn='\ls --color=never' # With no color.
alias lsa='ls -A' # Show hidden files.
alias lsd='ls -d */ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; [ $? -eq 0 ] && ls -d */ || : ;' # List only directories, if any exist.
alias lsdf='ls -v --group-directories-first' # Directories first, with alphanumeric sorting.
#alias lsdt='ls -h --group-directories-first --time-style=+"%d.%m.%Y %H:%M" --color=auto -F'
#alias lsdt='ls -h --group-directories-first --time-style=+"%Y.%m.%d %H:%M" --color=auto -F'
alias lsdt='ls -h --group-directories-first --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" --color=auto -F'
alias lse='ls -AF | grep -E "\.|/"' # Show only file with an extension.
alias lsh='ls -Am' # List files horizontally, comma-separated.
alias lsm='ls -Al |more' # Pipe through 'more'.
alias lsne='ls -AF | grep -Ev "\.|/"' # Show only file without an extension.
alias lsnx='ls -AF | grep -v \*' # Show non executables only.
alias lsr='ls -lR' # List files recursively.
alias lssd='ls -Atr' # Sort by date, most recent last
alias lssh='ls -Ax' # Sort by name horizontally.
#alias lsss='ls --human-readable --size -1 -S --classify' # Sort by size, biggest first.
alias lsss='ls -Sr' # Sort by size, biggest last.
alias lsssh='ls -shAxSr' # Sort by size, biggest last, horizontally.
alias lssta='ls -Atur' # Sort by/show access time,most recent last.
alias lsstc='ls -Atcr' # Sort by/show change time,most recent last.
alias lssx='ls -AXB' # Sort by extension.
alias lsx='ls -AF | grep \*' # Show executables only.
alias ll='ls -lF' # Long listing, classify.
alias lla='ls -lAF' # All files, long listing.
alias lld='ls -lFA | grep :*/' # List only directories, if any exist.
alias lldf='ls -lv --group-directories-first' # Directories first, with alphanumeric sorting.
#alias lldt='ls -lh --group-directories-first --time-style=+"%d.%m.%Y %H:%M" --color=auto -F'
#alias lldt='ls -lh --group-directories-first --time-style=+"%Y.%m.%d %H:%M" --color=auto -F'
alias lldt='ls -lh --group-directories-first --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" --color=auto -F'
alias lle='ls -lFA | grep -E "\.|/"' # Show only file with an extension.
alias llm='ll |more' # Pipe through 'more'
alias llne='ls -lFA | grep -Ev "\.|/"' # Show only file without an extension.
alias llnx='ls -lFA | grep -v \*' # Show non executables only.
alias llr='ll -lAR' # Recursive ls.
alias llsd='ls -lAtrh' # Sort by date, most recent last, and human readable
alias llss='ls -lSr' # Sort by size, biggest last.
alias llsta='ls -ltur' # Sort by/show access time,most recent last.
alias llstc='ls -ltcr' # Sort by/show change time,most recent last.
alias llsx='ls -lXB' # Sort by extension.
alias llx='ls -lFA | grep \*' # Show executables only.
alias tree='find . | sed "s/[^/]*\//| /g;s/| *\([^| ]\)/+--- \1/"' # Simple tree of current dir.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Memory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias free="free -mt" # Shows nicer output.
alias gpumem='grep -i --color memory /var/log/Xorg.0.log'
alias mem='grep -E "Mem|Cache|Swap" /proc/meminfo'
#alias mem2='echo -e Memory usage: $(free -h | grep "+" | cut -c26-30)/ $(free -h | grep "Mem:" | cut -c15-18)'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the ? (question mark) as an alias.
alias -- ?='echo Help'
#alias '?'='echo help'
# Makes all of the other aliases you define function correctly when used with sudo.
# The ALIASES section of the bash manual says:
# If the last character of the alias value is a blank, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
# So this ensures commands are evaluated for aliases before being passed over to sudo, which ends up being pretty useful.
alias sudo='sudo ' # Makes all of the other aliases you define function correctly when used with sudo.
alias please='sudo $(fc -ln -1)' # Rerun the last typed command, but prepend it with 'sudo' this time.
alias machine='uname -a | cut -f2 -d" "' # Machine name.
alias pause='read -n 1 -p "Press any key to continue…"'
alias restart='killall -SIGUSR1'
alias utf='iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8'
alias which='type -a' # Includes aliases.
alias userinfo='getent passwd|column -t -s: -n'
alias groupinfo='getent group|column -t -s: -n'
# Generate sha1 digest.
alias sha1='openssl sha1'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Networking.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias connections='sudo /usr/bin/lsof -i -P'
#alias openports='netstat -lntp 2>/dev/null | grep -v " - *$"' # Shows open ports.
#alias openports='ss -lntp 2>/dev/null | grep -v " - *$"' # Shows open ports.
alias openports='sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN' # Shows open ports.
#alias macs='ifconfig | grep HWaddr' # Shows MAC addresses for all nics.
alias macs='ip a | grep link/ether' # Shows MAC addresses for all nics.
#alias netstatus="netstat -ant | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n"
alias netstatus="ss -ant | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n"
#alias nics='ifconfig em1 | egrep "[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}"' # Shows all nics.
alias nics='ip a | grep -E "[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}"' # Shows all nics.
#alias nics='ip a | egrep "[0-9]{1,3}(\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}"' # Shows all nics.
alias ping='ping -c 5' # Stop after sending 5 ECHO_REQUEST packets.
alias fastping='sudo ping -c 5 -s.2' # Do not wait interval 1 second, go fast.
#alias pingrouter="ping `netstat -nr| grep -m 1 -iE 'default|0.0.0.0' | awk '{print $2}'`" # Print the router.
#alias pingrouter="ping `ip a|sort -nr| grep -m 1 -iE 'default|0.0.0.0' | awk '{print $2}'`" # Print the router.
#####alias pingrouter="ping `ss -nr| grep -m 1 -iE 'default|0.0.0.0' | awk '{print $2}'`" # Print the router.
#alias subnet="netstat -nr| grep -m 1 -iE 'default|0.0.0.0' | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\.[0-9]*$//'" # Returns 192.168.1.
#####alias subnet="ss -nr| grep -m 1 -iE 'default|0.0.0.0' | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\.[0-9]*$//'" # Returns 192.168.1.
# Show a listing of IP addresses.
alias ips="ip a | sed -En 's/127.0.0.1//;s/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p'"
# Network diagnostic.
# Usage: mtr google.com
alias trace='mtr --report-wide --curses $1'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Monitors.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Disconnect monitors or if back to officef
#alias monitormulti='xrandr --output HDMI-2 --primary --auto --right-of eDP-1'
#alias monitorsingle='xrandr --output HDMI-2 --off'
#alias monitormax='sudo ~/xbacklight -set 100'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Sends a note to all logins.
# Usage: growl this is my message.
# [TODO: Need to check this works - take care!]
#alias growl=`notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e `\s/^s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//`\")"`
#alias alert=`notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e `\s/^s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//`\")"`
#alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"
#alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so:
# sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Passwords.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Path.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Pretty-print of some PATH variables:
alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias libpath='echo -e ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH//:/\\n}'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Processes.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias ps="\ps auxf" # Set default.
alias psc='\ps h -eo pcpu,pmem,pid,comm,user,cputime | sort -nr | head'
alias psc10="ps auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10"
alias psm='\ps h -eo pmem,pcpu,pid,comm,user,cputime | sort -nr | head'
alias psm10="ps auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10"
alias pstree='\ps -e -o pid,args --forest'
alias psfull='\ps -auxwww' # ps with wide output so you can see full commands.
# usage: psg peter
# usage: psg ssh
alias psg="\ps aux | grep -v grep | grep -i -e VSZ -e" # ps grep.
#alias psg='ps -Helf | grep -v $$ | grep -i -e WCHAN -e ' # ps grep.
# Show only 1 line for ps grep.
alias psg1="\ps -el | column -t | head -1 && \ps -el | column -t | \grep $1"
# Show only my procs.
alias myps='\ps -fHu $USER' # if not $USER, try $LOGIN
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Programming – C/C++/Java/PHP.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Count lines of php code under the current directory.
alias countphp='find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 wc'
# Count lines of java code under the current directory.
alias countjava='find . -name "*.java" -print0 | xargs -0 wc'
# Count lines of C or C++ or Obj-C code under the current directory.
alias countc='find . \( -name "*.c" -or -name "*.cpp" -or -name "*.h" -or -name "*.m" \) -print0 | xargs -0 wc'
# Count lines of C or C++ or Obj-C or Java or PHP code under the current directory.
alias countcode='find . \( -name "*.c" -or -name "*.cpp" -or -name "*.h" -or -name "*.m" -or -name "*.java" -or -name "*.php" \) -print0 | xargs -0 wc'
alias gcc='gcc -std=c99'
alias g++='g++ -std=c++2a'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Python.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Create a Python virtual environment.
#
# Running pyve creates a new directory, called venv, containing the usual virtual environment filesystem for Python3.
# The pyva alias activates the environment in your current shell:
#
#$ cd my-project
#$ ve
#$ va
#(venv) $
alias pyve='python3 -m venv ./venv'
alias pyva='source ./venv/bin/activate'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Screen.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Turn screen off.
alias screenoff="xset dpms force off"
alias screencast="ffmpeg -threads 0 -async 30 -f x11grab -s 1920x1080 -r 30 -i :0 -vcodec libx264 -preset superfast -crf 16 -f mp4 out.mp4"
alias screencastaudio="ffmpeg -threads 0 -async 30 -f alsa -i pulse -f x11grab -s 1920x1080 -r 30 -i :0 -vcodec libx264 -preset superfast -crf 16 -acodec libmp3lame -f mp4 out.mp4"
alias screentest='P=(" " █ ░ ▒ ▓); while :; do printf "\e[$[RANDOM%LINES+1];$[RANDOM%COLUMNS+1]f${P[$RANDOM%5]}"; done'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Sound.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias mic-on="pactl load-module module-loopback"
alias mic-off="pactl unload-module module-loopback"
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Spelling typos. Highly personal and keyboard-dependent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias xs='cd'
alias vf='cd'
alias moer='more'
alias moew='more'
alias kk='ll'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Time.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias now='date +"%T"'
alias nowtime=now
alias nowdate='date +"%Y-%m-%d"'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# TMUX.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias tmuxn='tmux new-session -s' # tmux new session.
alias tmuxa='tmux attach -t' # tmux attach.
alias tmuxls='tmux ls' # tmux list.
alias tmuxkill='tmux kill-session -s' # kill session name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# UUID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias uuid="uuidgen | tr -d - | tr -d '\n' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' && echo"
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Web.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Pass it via sudo so whoever is admin can reload it without calling you.
alias nginxreload='sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload'
alias nginxtest='sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -t'
----
===== Set the file owner and permissions =====
chown root:root /etc/profile.d/bash_aliases.sh
chmod 644 /etc/profile.d/bash_aliases.sh