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--- ubuntu:find:find_files_based_on_their_permissions [2019/12/12 01:14] – created peter
+++ ubuntu:find:find_files_based_on_their_permissions [2022/06/13 08:37] (current) – removed peter
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Ubuntu - Find - Find Files Based On their Permissions ======
-The typical syntax to find files based on their permissions is:
-<code bash>
-find -perm mode
-</code>
-The MODE can be either with numeric or octal permission (like 777, 666.. etc) or symbolic permission (like u=x, a=r+x).
-We can specify the MODE in three different ways as listed below.
-  * If we specify the mode without any prefixes, it will find files of exact permissions.
-  * If we use “-“ prefix with mode, at least the files should have the given permission, not the exact permission.
-  * If we use “/” prefix, either the owner, the group, or other should have permission to the file.
-Allow me to explain with some examples, so you can understand better.
-----
-===== Find files based on numeric permissions =====
-Find Files Based On their Numeric (octal) Permissions
-Now let me run the following command:
-<code bash>
-find -perm 777
-</code>
-This command will find the files with permission of exactly 777 in the current directory.
-Now, let us use “-” prefix and see what happens.
-<code bash>
-find -perm -766
-</code>
-The above command displays two files.
-We have set 766 permission to file2, but this command displays two files, why?
-Because, here we have used “-” prefix”.  It means that this command will find all files where the file owner has read/write/execute permissions, file group members have read/write permissions and everything else has also read/write permission.
-In our case, file1 and file2 have met this criteria. In other words, the files need not to have exact 766 permission.  It will display any files that falls under this 766 permission.
-----
-Next, we will use “/” prefix and see what happens.
-<code bash>
-find -perm /222
-</code>
-The above command will find files which are writable by somebody (either their owner, or their group, or anybody else). Here is another example.
-<code bash>
-find -perm /220
-</code>
-This command will find files which are writable by either their owner or their group.  That means the files don’t have to be writable by both the owner and group to be matched; either will do.
-But if you run the same command with “-” prefix, you will only see the files only which are writable by both owner and group.
-<code bash>
-find -perm -220
-</code>
-The following screenshot will show you the difference between these two prefixes.
-----
-===== Find Files Based On their Permissions using symbolic notation =====
-In the following examples, we use symbolic notations such as u ( for user), g (group), o (others). We can also use the letter a to represent all three of these categories. The permissions can be specified using letters r (read), w (write), x (executable).
-For instance, to find any file with group write permission, run:
-<code bash>
-find -perm -g=w
-</code>
-As you see in the above example, file1 and file2 have group write permission. Please note that you can use either “=” or “+” for symbolic notation. It doesn’t matter. For example, the following two commands will do the same thing.
-<code bash>
-find -perm -g=w
-find -perm -g+w
-</code>
-To find any file which are writable by the file owner, run:
-<code bash>
-find -perm -u=w
-</code>
-To find any file which are writable by all (the file owner, group and everyone else), run:
-<code bash>
-find -perm -a=w
-</code>
-To find files which are writable by both their owner and their group, use this command:
-<code bash>
-find -perm -g+w,u+w
-</code>
-The above command is equivalent of “find -perm -220” command.
-To find files which are writable by either their owner or their group, run:
-<code bash>
-find -perm /u+w,g+w
-</code>
-or,
-<code bash>
-find -perm /u=w,g=w
-</code>
-These two commands does the same job as “find -perm /220” command.
-For more details, refer the man pages.
-<code bash>
-man find
-</code>
-Also, check the man pages alternatives to learn more simplified examples of any Linux command.