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nas:build_a_linux_nas [2021/09/25 15:49] – peternas:build_a_linux_nas [2021/09/25 21:38] (current) – peter
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   - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Add additional software|Add additional software]]   - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Add additional software|Add additional software]]
   - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Prepare the RAID Disks|Prepare the RAID Disks]]   - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Prepare the RAID Disks|Prepare the RAID Disks]]
- +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Create a Software RAID Array|Create a Software RAID Array]] 
- +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Create a Filesystem|Create a Filesystem]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Mount the RAID Array|Mount the RAID Array]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Create a Samba Share|Create a Samba Share]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Data Scrubing|Data Scrubing]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Power Consumption|Power Consumption]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Tune the System|Tune the System]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Benchmark the System|Benchmark the System]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Monitor the System|Monitor the System]] 
 +  - [[NAS:Build a Linux NAS:Support recovering from a faulty disk|Support recovering from a faulty disk]]
  
 ---- ----
  
-===== Determine the available disks ===== +===== Resources =====
- +
-<code bash> +
-lsblk +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +
-sda                      8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk  +
-├─sda1                   8:1    0  1007K  0 part  +
-├─sda2                   8:2    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi +
-├─sda3                 253:28   0     8G  0 part [SWAP] +
-├─sda4                 253:29   0    58G  0 part / +
-sdb                      8:32   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-sdc                      8:48   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-sdd                      8:64   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This shows: +
- +
-  * **sda**:  The boot disk. +
-  * **sdb**:  A free disk. +
-  * **sdc**:  A free disk. +
-  * **sdd**:  A free disk. +
- +
-The free disks do not have any partitions yet and will be included into a RAID. +
- +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Initialize the free disks ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo fdisk /dev/sdb +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1). +
-Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. +
-Be careful before using the write command. +
- +
-Device does not contain a recognized partition table. +
-The size of this disk is 14.6 TiB (16000900661248 bytes). DOS partition table format cannot be used on drives for volumes larger than 2199023255040 bytes for 512-byte sectors. Use GUID partition table format (GPT). +
- +
-Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc778227a. +
- +
-Command (m for help):  +
-</code> +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Create a GPT Partition ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): g +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 6D811672-A5FE-BA4F-8F79-D17E0285C5E1). +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  GPT (GUID Partition Table) is much better than MBR (Master Boot Record) partitions: +
- +
-  * GPT supports much larger disks. +
-  * GPT allows for a nearly unlimited number of partitions.  +
-  * GPT also stores cyclic redundancy check (CRC) values to check that its data is intact. +
-    * If the data is corrupted, GPT can notice the problem and attempt to recover the damaged data from another location on the disk. +
- +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Create a Linux RAID Partition ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): n +
-Partition number (1-128, default 1):      +
-First sector (2048-31251759070, default 2048):  +
-Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-31251759070, default 31251759070):  +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 14.6 TiB.</code> +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:** Just taking the default values uses the entire disk. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Print the Partition ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): p +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Disk /dev/sdb: 14.55 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors +
-Disk model: ST16000NM001G-2K +
-Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes +
-Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes +
-I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes +
-Disklabel type: gpt +
-Disk identifier: 6D811672-A5FE-BA4F-8F79-D17E0285C5E1 +
- +
-Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type +
-/dev/sdb1   2048 31251759070 31251757023 14.6T Linux filesystem +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:** Just taking the default values uses the entire disk. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Change the Partition Type ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): t +
-Selected partition 1 +
-Partition type or alias (type L to list all): 29 +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux RAID'. +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:** The type is changed to Linux RAID, which is type 29. +
- +
- +
-</WRAP> +
- +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Print the Partition again ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): p +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Disk /dev/sdd: 14.55 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors +
-Disk model: ST16000NM001G-2K +
-Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes +
-Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes +
-I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes +
-Disklabel type: gpt +
-Disk identifier: EAA2F832-9810-AA45-9DDB-8ED531C20139 +
- +
-Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type +
-/dev/sdd1   2048 31251759070 31251757023 14.6T Linux RAID +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:** This shows the Type has been changed to **Linux RAID**. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-==== Write the Partition Table ==== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Command (m for help): w +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-The partition table has been altered. +
-Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. +
-Syncing disks.</code> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Partition other Disks ===== +
- +
-Repeat the above instructions for the other free disks. +
- +
----- +
-===== Check the available disks again ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-lsblk +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +
-sda                      8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk  +
-├─sda1                   8:1    0  1007K  0 part  +
-├─sda2                   8:2    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi +
-├─sda3                 253:28   0     8G  0 part [SWAP] +
-├─sda4                 253:29   0    58G  0 part / +
-sdb                      8:32   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─sdb1                   8:33   0  14.6T  0 part  +
-sdc                      8:48   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─sdc1                   8:49   0  14.6T  0 part  +
-sdd                      8:64   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─sdd1                   8:65   0  14.6T  0 part  +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This shows the original free disks all now have partitions. +
- +
-  * At this point, these disks can be tied together as a RAID array. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Create a Software RAID Array ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 +
- +
-or  +
- +
-sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b,c,d, e}1 +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This created a new block device **/dev/md0**. +
- +
-  * This device represents the RAID 5 of /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1 and /dev/sdd1. +
-  * Obviously other RAID types could be used instead. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Ensure the RIAD Array is reassembled automatically each time the system boots ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf +
-</code> +
- +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This saves the RAID configuration in the **/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf** file. +
- +
-  * In the background, mdadm will sync the data of these disks. +
-  * This can take a very long time as it requires reading and writing a lot of data depending on the size of the disks. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Check the RAID Status ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This also displays not only the health, but also the sync status. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Create a Filesystem ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  **/dev/md0** can be used now just as any other block device. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Mount the Array ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo mkdir /mnt/nas +
-sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/nas +
-</code> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Check the Mount ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-lsblk +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +
-sda                      8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk  +
-├─sda1                   8:1    0  1007K  0 part  +
-├─sda2                   8:2    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi +
-├─sda3                 253:28   0     8G  0 part [SWAP] +
-├─sda4                 253:29   0    58G  0 part / +
-sdb                      8:32   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─md0                    9      0  14.6T  0 raid5 /mnt/nas +
-sdc                      8:48   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─md0                    9      0  14.6T  0 raid5 /mnt/nas +
-sdd                      8:64   0  14.6T  0 disk  +
-├─md0                    9      0  14.6T  0 raid5 /mnt/nas +
-</code> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Test writing to the mounted array ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo touch /mnt/nas/test +
-ls -al /mnt/nas/ +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-total 24 +
-drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 14 11:19 . +
-drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 14 11:19 .. +
-drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Feb 14 11:19 lost+found +
--rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 14 11:19 test +
-</code> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Ensure the array always get mounted on boot ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-echo '/dev/md0 /mnt/nas ext4 defaults,nofail 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-/dev/md0 /mnt/nas ext4 defaults,nofail 0 0 +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  This adds an entry into the **/etc/fstab** file. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Create Samba Share ===== +
- +
-Save a backup of the default Samba Config. +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.orig +
-</code> +
- +
-Now edit the Samba Config file, **/etc/samba/smb.conf**, and populate as: +
- +
-<file bash /etc/samba/smb.conf> +
-[global] +
-workgroup=WORKGROUP +
-server min protocol = SMB2 +
-server max protocol = SMB3 +
-server string = NAS +
-log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log +
- +
-[data] +
-path = /mnt/nas/data +
-available = yes +
-valid users = peter +
-read only = no +
-browseable = yes +
-writable = yes +
-</file> +
- +
----- +
- +
-===== Create a Samba user ===== +
- +
-<code bash> +
-sudo smbpasswd -a peter +
-</code> +
- +
-returns: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-Added user peter. +
-</code> +
- +
-<WRAP info> +
-**NOTE:**  Make sure that the user has permissions to the files on system level as well. +
-</WRAP> +
- +
-----+
  
-===== Test Access to the Share =====+http://www.ducea.com/2009/03/08/mdadm-cheat-sheet/
  
-Within a Web Browser, enter+https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-raid-increase-resync-rebuild-speed.html
  
-<code bash> +https://h3x.no/2011/07/09/tuning-ubuntu-mdadm-raid56
-//192.168.1.5/data +
-</code>+
  
-<WRAP info> +https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/l-4kb-sector-disks/
-**NOTE:**  +
  
-  * **192.168.1.5**:   The IP Address of the NAS. +https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/recovering-mdadm-superblocks-713234/
-    * Obviously use whatever IP address that device has. +
-  * **data**:  The name of the Samba Share, as defined in the Samba Config file. +
-</WRAP>+
  
nas/build_a_linux_nas.1632584966.txt.gz · Last modified: 2021/09/25 15:49 by peter
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