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--- ciphers:gcm [2020/05/26 00:24] – created peter
+++ ciphers:gcm [2020/07/15 09:30] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Ciphers - GCM ======
-GCM ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode|Galois Counter Mode]]):
+**GCM** ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode|Galois Counter Mode]]) is a is a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation|mode of operation]] for symmetric-key cryptographic [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher|block cipher]] widely adopted for its performance.
+The operation is an [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption|authenticated encryption]] algorithm designed to provide both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality.
+GCM is defined for block ciphers with a block size of 128 bits.
+----
 ===== Pros =====
@@ Line 9: / Line 15: @@
   * Extremely fast.
   * Patent-free.
-  * Spported as a [[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5288|TLS ciphersuite]].
+  * Can take full advantage of parallel processing.
-  * Supported by OpenSSL.
+  * Implementing GCM can make efficient use of an instruction pipeline or a hardware pipeline.
+  * Supported as a [[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5288|TLS ciphersuite]].
+  * Supported by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL|OpenSSL]].
   * Supported by Crypto++.
+----
 ===== Cons =====
-  * GCM is CTR mode encryption with the addition of a Carter-Wegman MAC set in a Galois field.
+  * GCM is CTR mode encryption with the addition of a Carter-Wegman MAC set in a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois_field|Galois field]].
   * Implementing GCM is a hassle in a way that most other AEADs (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) are not.  But if you have someone else’s implementation — say OpenSSL’s — it’s a perfectly lovely mode.
@@ Line 24: / Line 33: @@
   - The first weakness is that an n-bit tag provides only n − k bits of authentication security when messages are 2 k blocks long.
-    * Competing modes do not have this problem, or have it only when n = 128, in which case the practical effect is minimal.
+    * Competing modes do not have this problem, or have it only when n = 128, in which case the practical effect is minimal.\\ \\
   - A successful forgery immediately reveals information about the authentication key.
     * This weakness exacerbates the consequences of the first one, and leads to a complete loss of authentication security.